Egypt has been in a state of transition, with many cabinet reshuffles and ministerial reorganizations. The political instability has led to economic hardship that continues to hamper development, with a particular impact on the labour market. The unemployment rate in 2012 was 12.6 per cent. However, the rate was higher among women (24.1 per cent) than men (9.2 per cent). The unemployment rate among young people aged 15-24 is 30 per cent.